About the Authors

Barbara E Engelhardt

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: bee@cs.berkeley.edu

Affiliation Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Michael I Jordan

Affiliations Department of Electrical Engineering and Computer Sciences, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Statistics, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Kathryn E Muratore

Affiliation Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Steven E Brenner

Affiliations Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Plant and Microbial Biology, University of California, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

BEE, MIJ, and SEB conceived and designed the experiments. BEE performed the experiments. KEM conceived, designed, and performed the experimental characterization of the adenosine deaminase protein. BEE, MIJ, and SEB analyzed the data. BEE, MIJ, KEM, and SEB contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. BEE, MIJ, KEM, and SEB wrote the paper.