About the Authors

Neil Kumar

Affiliation Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Alejandro Wolf-Yadlin

Affiliation Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Forest M White

Affiliations Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Douglas A Lauffenburger

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: lauffen@mit.edu

Affiliations Department of Chemical Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Center for Cancer Research, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

NK, AWY, FMW, and DAL conceived and designed the experiments. NK performed the experiments and analyzed the data. NK, AWY, FW, and DAL wrote the paper.