About the Authors

Dipak Barua

Contributed equally to this work with: Dipak Barua, Joonhoon Kim

Affiliations Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Joonhoon Kim

Contributed equally to this work with: Dipak Barua, Joonhoon Kim

Affiliations Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Jennifer L. Reed

reed@engr.wisc.edu

Affiliations Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America, DOE Great Lakes Bioenergy Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: DB JK JLR. Performed the experiments: DB JK. Analyzed the data: DB JK JLR. Wrote the paper: DB JK JLR. Developed the GeneForce approach: DB. Developed the regulatory formalism used in the approach: JK.