About the Authors

Juilee Thakar

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, United States of America

Ashutosh K. Pathak

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Lisa Murphy

Current address: Life Technologies Ltd, Paisley, United Kingdom

Affiliation Division of Animal Production and Public Health, Veterinary School, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom

Réka Albert

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Physics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Isabella M. Cattadori

imc3@psu.edu

Affiliations Center for Infectious Disease Dynamics, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America, Department of Biology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: IMC. Performed the experiments: AKP LM IMC. Analyzed the data: JT RA IMC. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AKP LM IMC. Wrote the paper: IMC JT RA. Conceived the immune network models: JT, RA, IMC. Performed the simulations: JT and RA.