About the Authors

Elsa W. Birch

Affiliation Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Nicholas A. Ruggero

Affiliation Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Markus W. Covert

mcovert@stanford.edu

Affiliation Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: MWC EWB NAR. Performed the experiments: EWB NAR. Analyzed the data: MWC EWB NAR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: MWC EWB NAR. Wrote the paper: MWC EWB NAR. Built the integrated model: EWB NAR.