About the Authors

Anton Arkhipov

Affiliation D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York, United States of America

Yibing Shan

Yibing.Shan@DEShawResearch.com (YS); David.Shaw@DEShawResearch.com (DES)

Affiliation D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York, United States of America

Eric T. Kim

Affiliation D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York, United States of America

David E. Shaw

Yibing.Shan@DEShawResearch.com (YS); David.Shaw@DEShawResearch.com (DES)

Affiliations D. E. Shaw Research, New York, New York, United States of America, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biophysics, Columbia University, New York, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

YS and ETK are paid employees of D. E. Shaw Research; AA is a former paid employee of D. E. Shaw Research; DES is the sole beneficial owner and Chief Scientist of D. E. Shaw Research.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AA YS DES. Performed the experiments: AA ETK. Analyzed the data: AA YS. Wrote the paper: AA YS DES.