About the Authors

Igor N Berezovsky

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

William W Chen

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Biophysics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Paul J Choi

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eugene I Shakhnovich

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eugene@belok.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

INB, PJC, and EIS performed the experiments. INB, WWC, and EIS analyzed the data. PJC contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. INB and EIS wrote the paper.