About the Authors

Xiaolin Cheng

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: xcheng@mccammon.ucsd.edu

Affiliations Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , NSF Center for Theoretical Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Hailong Wang

Affiliation Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Barry Grant

Affiliation NSF Center for Theoretical Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Steven M Sine

Affiliation Receptor Biology Laboratory, Department of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

J. Andrew McCammon

Affiliations Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , NSF Center for Theoretical Biophysics, Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , Department of Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

XC, HW, SMS, and JAM conceived and designed the experiments. XC and HW performed the experiments. XC and HW analyzed the data. XC, BG, SMS, and JAM wrote the paper.