About the Authors

Zengjian Hu

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America

Donnell Bowen

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America

William M Southerland

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wsoutherland@howard.edu (WMS); mab@ncifcrf.gov (BM)

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Howard University College of Medicine, Washington, District of Columbia, United States of America

Antonio del Sol

Affiliation Bioinformatics Research Project, Research and Development Division, Fujirebio, Tokyo, Japan

Yongping Pan

Affiliation Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation—Frederick, Inc., Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute—Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Ruth Nussinov

Affiliations Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation—Frederick, Inc., Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute—Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America , Sackler Institute of Molecular Medicine, Department of Human Genetics and Molecular Medicine, Sackler School of Medicine, Tel Aviv University, Tel Aviv, Israel

Buyong Ma

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wsoutherland@howard.edu (WMS); mab@ncifcrf.gov (BM)

Affiliation Basic Research Program, Science Applications International Corporation—Frederick, Inc., Center for Cancer Research Nanobiology Program, National Cancer Institute—Frederick, Frederick, Maryland, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

BM conceived and designed the experiments. ZH, DB, WMS, and YP performed the experiments. ZH and BM analyzed the data. AdS, RN, and BM wrote the paper.