About the Authors

Shigeru Shinomoto

Contributed equally to this work with: Shigeru Shinomoto, Hideaki Kim, Takeaki Shimokawa

shinomoto@scphys.kyoto-u.ac.jp

Affiliation Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Hideaki Kim

Contributed equally to this work with: Shigeru Shinomoto, Hideaki Kim, Takeaki Shimokawa

Affiliation Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Takeaki Shimokawa

Contributed equally to this work with: Shigeru Shinomoto, Hideaki Kim, Takeaki Shimokawa

Affiliation Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Nanae Matsuno

Affiliation Graduate School of Science, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Shintaro Funahashi

Affiliation Kokoro Research Center, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Keisetsu Shima

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Tohoku University School of Medicine, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan

Ichiro Fujita

Affiliation Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Hiroshi Tamura

Affiliation Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Taijiro Doi

Affiliation Laboratory for Cognitive Neuroscience, Graduate School of Frontier Biosciences, Osaka University, Toyonaka, Osaka, Japan

Kenji Kawano

Affiliation Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Naoko Inaba

Affiliation Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan

Kikuro Fukushima

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

Sergei Kurkin

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Hokkaido University School of Medicine, Sapporo, Japan

Kiyoshi Kurata

Affiliation Department of Physiology, Hirosaki University School of Medicine, Hirosaki, Japan

Masato Taira

Affiliation Division of Applied System Neuroscience, Advanced Medical Research Center, Nihon University Graduate School of Medical Science, Tokyo, Japan

Ken-Ichiro Tsutsui

Affiliation Division of Systems Neuroscience, Tohoku University Graduate School of Life Sciences, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Japan

Hidehiko Komatsu

Affiliation Division of Sensory and Cognitive Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan

Tadashi Ogawa

Affiliations Department of Integrative Brain Science, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto, Japan, Division of Sensory and Cognitive Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan

Kowa Koida

Affiliation Division of Sensory and Cognitive Information, National Institute for Physiological Sciences, Myodaiji, Okazaki, Aichi, Japan

Jun Tanji

Affiliation Tamagawa University Brain Science Institute, Machida, Tokyo, Japan

Keisuke Toyama

Affiliation ATR Computational Neuroscience Laboratories, Seika-cho, Soraku-gun, Kyoto, Japan

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: S. Shinomoto K. Toyama. Performed the experiments: S. Funahashi K. Shima I. Fujita H. Tamura T. Doi K. Kawano N. Inaba K. Fukushima S. Kurkin K. Kurata M. Taira K-I. Tsutsui H. Komatsu T. Ogawa K. Koida J. Tanji. Analyzed the data: S. Shinomoto H. Kim T. Shimokawa N. Matsuno. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: H. Kim T. Shimokawa N. Matsuno. Wrote the paper: S. Shinomoto K. Toyama.