About the Authors

Edward J. Banigan

Affiliation Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Michael A. Gelbart

Affiliations Graduate Program in Biophysics, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Physics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Zemer Gitai

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Ned S. Wingreen

ajliu@physics.upenn.edu (AJL); wingreen@princeton.edu (NSW)

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America

Andrea J. Liu

ajliu@physics.upenn.edu (AJL); wingreen@princeton.edu (NSW)

Affiliation Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: EJB ZG NSW AJL. Performed the experiments: EJB MAG. Analyzed the data: EJB. Wrote the paper: EJB NSW AJL.