About the Authors

Cameron W. Harvey

Affiliations Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Huijing Du

Affiliation Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Zhiliang Xu

Affiliation Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America

Dale Kaiser

Affiliation Department of Biochemistry, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Igor Aranson

aronson@anl.gov (IA); malber@nd.edu (MA)

Affiliations Material Science Division, Argonne National Lab, Argonne, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Mark Alber

aronson@anl.gov (IA); malber@nd.edu (MA)

Affiliations Department of Applied and Computational Mathematics and Statistics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, Department of Physics, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, United States of America, Department of Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: CWH IA MA. Performed the experiments: CWH IA. Analyzed the data: CWH HD ZX DK IA MA. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: CWH HD ZX DK IA MA. Wrote the paper: CWH HD ZX DK IA MA. Designed computational models: CWH HD ZX DK IA MA Ran simulations: CWH HD ZX Compared simulation results with experiments: CWH HD ZX DK IA MA.