About the Authors

Marian A. C Groenenboom

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: m.a.c.groenenboom@bio.uu.nl

Affiliation Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Athanasius F. M Marée

Affiliation Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Paulien Hogeweg

Affiliation Theoretical Biology and Bioinformatics, University of Utrecht, Utrecht, The Netherlands

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

MACG, AFMM, and PH conceived and designed the models. MACG performed the numerical computations. MACG, AFMM, and PH wrote the paper.