About the Authors

Quan Wen

Affiliations Department of Physics and Astronomy, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America , Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America

Dmitri B Chklovskii

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: mitya@cshl.edu

Affiliation Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

QW and DBC conceived the theory, performed the calculations, and wrote the paper.