About the Authors

Tingjun Hou

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Ken Chen

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

William A McLaughlin

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Benzhuo Lu

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Wei Wang

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: wei-wang@ucsd.edu

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , Center for Theoretical Biological Physics, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

TH, KC, and WW conceived and designed the experiments. TH performed the experiments. TH, KC, WAM, and BL analyzed the data. TH and WW wrote the paper.