About the Authors

Rameen Beroukhim

Contributed equally to this work with: Rameen Beroukhim, Ming Lin

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ming Lin

Contributed equally to this work with: Rameen Beroukhim, Ming Lin

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Yuhyun Park

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ke Hao

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Xiaojun Zhao

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Levi A Garraway

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Edward A Fox

Affiliation Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ephraim P Hochberg

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Ingo K Mellinghoff

Affiliation Departments of Medicine and Medical Pharmacology, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, United States of America

Matthias D Hofer

Affiliations Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Aurelien Descazeaud

Affiliations Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mark A Rubin

Affiliations Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Matthew Meyerson

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Wing Hung Wong

Affiliation Department of Statistics, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

William R Sellers

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: william.sellers@novartis.com (WRS); cli@hsph.harvard.edu (CL)

¤ Current address: Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine, Pathology, and Radiation Oncology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departments of Medicine and Pathology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Broad Institute of Harvard and MIT, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Cheng Li

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: william.sellers@novartis.com (WRS); cli@hsph.harvard.edu (CL)

Affiliations Departments of Biostatistics and Computational Biology and Medical Oncology, Dana-Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

RB, ML, MM, WHW, WRS, and CL conceived and designed the experiments. RB performed the experiments. RB, ML, YP, and CL analyzed the data. RB, ML, KH, XZ, LAG, EAF, EPH, IKM, MDH, AD, MAR, and CL contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. RB, ML, WRS, and CL wrote the paper.