About the Authors

Zhihua Zhang

Contributed equally to this work with: Zhihua Zhang, Changning Liu, Geir Skogerbø

Affiliations Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Changning Liu

Contributed equally to this work with: Zhihua Zhang, Changning Liu, Geir Skogerbø

Affiliations Bioinformatics Research Group, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Geir Skogerbø

Contributed equally to this work with: Zhihua Zhang, Changning Liu, Geir Skogerbø

Affiliation Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Xiaopeng Zhu

Affiliations Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Hongchao Lu

Affiliations Bioinformatics Research Group, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Lan Chen

Affiliations Bioinformatics Research Group, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Baochen Shi

Affiliations Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Yong Zhang

Affiliations Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Jie Wang

Affiliations Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Tao Wu

Affiliations Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Graduate School of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Runsheng Chen

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: crs@sun5.ibp.ac.cn

Affiliations Bioinformatics Laboratory and National Laboratory of Biomacromolecules, Institute of Biophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China , Bioinformatics Research Group, Key Laboratory of Intelligent Information Processing, Institute of Computing Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

ZZ and CL conceived, designed, and performed the experiments. ZZ, CL, GS, HL, LC, BS, YZ, JW, TW, and RC analyzed the data. ZZ, CL, and RC contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. ZZ, GS, and XZ wrote the paper.