About the Authors

Sergei L Kosakovsky Pond

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Simon D. W Frost

Affiliation Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Zehava Grossman

Affiliation National HIV Reference Lab, Public Health Laboratory, Ministry of Health, Tel Hashomer, Israel

Michael B Gravenor

Affiliation School of Medicine, University of Swansea, Swansea, Wales, United Kingdom

Douglas D Richman

Affiliations Department of Pathology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America , VA San Diego Health Care System, San Diego, California, United States of America

Andrew J. Leigh Brown

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: A.Leigh-Brown@ed.ac.uk

Affiliation Institute for Evolutionary Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, Scotland, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

SLKP, SDWF, DDR, and AJLB conceived and designed the experiments. SLKP, SDWF, and AJLB analyzed the data. ZG and MBG contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. SLKP, SDWF, ZG, and AJLB wrote the paper.