About the Authors

Jin Wang

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jin.wang.1@stonybrook.edu (JW); peter.lu@pnl.gov (HPL)

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Department of Physics, State University of New York at Stony Brook, Stony Brook, New York, United States of America , State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China

Qiang Lu

Affiliation State Key Laboratory of Electroanalytical Chemistry, Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changchun, Jilin, People's Republic of China

H. Peter Lu

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: jin.wang.1@stonybrook.edu (JW); peter.lu@pnl.gov (HPL)

Affiliation Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Fundamental Science Division, MSIN K8-88, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

JW and PHL conceived and designed the experiments. QL performed the experiments. JW, QL, and PHL analyzed the data. JW, QL, and PHL contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. JW and PHL wrote the paper.