About the Authors

Mariko Izumo

¤ Current address: Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Takashi R Sato

Affiliation Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory, Cold Spring Harbor, New York, United States of America

Martin Straume

Affiliation Customized Online Biomathematical Research Applications, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America

Carl Hirschie Johnson

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: carl.h.johnson@vanderbilt.edu

Affiliation Department of Biological Sciences, Vanderbilt University, Nashville, Tennessee, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

MI conceived, designed, and performed the experiments. MI wrote the draft of the manuscript, and TRS, MS, and CHJ edited the text. TRS and MS generated analysis programs. MI, TRS, and MS analyzed the data. CHJ directed the overall project and assisted in the design of the experiments.