About the Authors

Eric Alm

Contributed equally to this work with: Eric Alm, Katherine Huang

Affiliations The Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Katherine Huang

Contributed equally to this work with: Eric Alm, Katherine Huang

Affiliations The Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Adam Arkin

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: aparkin@lbl.gov

Affiliations The Virtual Institute for Microbial Stress and Survival, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Physical Biosciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America , Department of Bioengineering, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley, California United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

EA, KH, and AA conceived and designed the experiments. KH performed the experiments. EA and KH analyzed the data. EA wrote the paper.