About the Authors

Konstantin B Zeldovich

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Peiqiu Chen

Affiliations Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America , Department of Physics, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Boris E Shakhnovich

Affiliation Molecular and Cellular Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Eugene I Shakhnovich

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: eugene@belok.harvard.edu

Affiliation Department of Chemistry and Chemical Biology, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

KBZ and EIS conceived and designed the experiments and wrote the paper. KBZ performed the experiments. KBZ, PC, BES, and EIS analyzed the data. PC and BES contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools.