About the Authors

Sylvain V Costes

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: svcostes@lbl.gov

Affiliation Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Artem Ponomarev

Affiliations Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas, United States of America , Universities Space Research Association, Houston, Texas, United States of America

James L Chen

Affiliation Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

David Nguyen

Affiliation Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Francis A Cucinotta

Affiliation Johnson Space Center, National Aeronautics and Space Administration, Houston, Texas, United States of America

Mary Helen Barcellos-Hoff

Affiliation Life Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

SVC and MHBH conceived and designed the experiments. SVC performed the experiments and wrote the paper. SVC and JLC analyzed the data. SVC, AP, DN, and FAC contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools. AP generated artificial data.