About the Authors

Daniel Segura

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departamento de Microbiología Molecular, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México

Radhakrishnan Mahadevan

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: krishna.mahadevan@utoronto.ca

Affiliations Department of Chemical Engineering and Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada , Institute of Biomaterials and Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Ontario, Canada

Katy Juárez

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America , Departamento de Ingeniería Celular y Biocatálisis, Instituto de Biotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Cuernavaca, Morelos, México

Derek R Lovley

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

DS, RM, KJ, and DRL conceived and designed the experiments. DS, RM, and KJ performed the experiments. DS, RM, and DRL analyzed the data and wrote the paper. DS contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools.