About the Authors

Hai-Long Wang

To whom correspondence should be addressed. E-mail: hwang@mayo.edu

Affiliation Receptor Biology Laboratory, Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Xiaolin Cheng

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Palmer Taylor

Affiliation Department of Pharmacology, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

J. Andrew McCammon

Affiliation Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Department of Chemistry-Biochemistry and Pharmacology, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Steven M Sine

Affiliation Receptor Biology Laboratory, Departments of Physiology and Biomedical Engineering and Neurology, Mayo Clinic College of Medicine, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

HLW, XC, JAM, and SMS conceived and designed the experiments. HLW performed the experiments and analyzed the data. HLW, XC, PT, JAM, and SMS wrote the paper.