About the Authors

Jonathan M. Carlson

carlson@microsoft.com (JMC); heckerma@microsoft.com (DH)

Affiliations eScience Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, United States of America, Department of Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Zabrina L. Brumme

Affiliation Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Christine M. Rousseau

Affiliation Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Chanson J. Brumme

Affiliation Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Philippa Matthews

Affiliation Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom

Carl Kadie

Affiliation eScience Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, United States of America

James I. Mullins

Affiliations Department of Microbiology, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Bruce D. Walker

Affiliations Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Chevy Chase, Maryland, United States of America

P. Richard Harrigan

Affiliations B.C. Centre for Excellence in HIV/AIDS, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada, Department of Medicine, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada

Philip J. R. Goulder

Affiliations Partners AIDS Research Center, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Department of Paediatrics, Nuffield Department of Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom, HIV Pathogenesis Programme, The Doris Duke Medical Research Institute, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa

David Heckerman

carlson@microsoft.com (JMC); heckerma@microsoft.com (DH)

Affiliation eScience Group, Microsoft Research, Redmond, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: JMC ZLB PRH DH. Performed the experiments: JMC. Analyzed the data: JMC ZLB CJB DH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: JMC ZLB CMR PM CK JIM BDW PRH PJRG DH. Wrote the paper: JMC ZLB DH.