About the Authors

Hung-Yun Lin

Contributed equally to this work with: Hung-Yun Lin, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Cornelia B. Landersdorfer

Contributed equally to this work with: Hung-Yun Lin, Cornelia B. Landersdorfer

clandersdorfer@ordwayresearch.org

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

David London

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Ran Meng

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Chang-Uk Lim

Affiliation Flow Cytometry Core Facility, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Cassie Lin

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Sharon Lin

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Heng-Yuan Tang

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

David Brown

Affiliation Emerging Infections and Pharmacodynamics Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Brian Van Scoy

Affiliation Emerging Infections and Pharmacodynamics Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Robert Kulawy

Affiliation Emerging Infections and Pharmacodynamics Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Lurdes Queimado

Affiliation Department of Otorhinolaryngology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, Oklahoma, United States of America

George L. Drusano

Affiliation Emerging Infections and Pharmacodynamics Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Arnold Louie

Affiliation Emerging Infections and Pharmacodynamics Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Faith B. Davis

Affiliation Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America

Shaker A. Mousa

Affiliation Pharmaceutical Research Institute, Albany College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Rensselaer, New York, United States of America

Paul J. Davis

Affiliations Signal Transduction Laboratory, Ordway Research Institute, Albany, New York, United States of America, Albany Medical College, Albany, New York, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: HYL. Performed the experiments: DL RM CUL CL HYT RK. Analyzed the data: CBL. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DB BVS LQ GLD AL SAM. Wrote the paper: HYL CBL FBD PJD. Contributed to figures: CL SL. Helped to set up the in vitro system: DB BVS GLD AL.