About the Authors

Anna Grosberg

Contributed equally to this work with: Anna Grosberg, Po-Ling Kuo

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Po-Ling Kuo

Contributed equally to this work with: Anna Grosberg, Po-Ling Kuo

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Chin-Lin Guo

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Nicholas A. Geisse

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Mark-Anthony Bray

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

William J. Adams

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Sean P. Sheehy

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Kevin Kit Parker

kkparker@seas.harvard.edu

Affiliation Disease Biophysics Group, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, School of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: PLK CLG KKP. Performed the experiments: PLK NAG. Analyzed the data: PLK MAB. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SPS. Wrote the paper: AG PLK CLG KKP. Designed and implemented the model and in silico experiments: AG. Co-developed the math model: CLG, PLK, KKP. Provided important technological contributions to experimental techniques: WJA. Contributed important cell culture design and support: SPS.