About the Authors

R. Blythe Towal

Contributed equally to this work with: R. Blythe Towal, Brian W. Quist

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Brian W. Quist

Contributed equally to this work with: R. Blythe Towal, Brian W. Quist

Affiliation Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Venkatesh Gopal

Affiliation Department of Physics, Elmhurst College, Elmhurst, Illinois, United States of America

Joseph H. Solomon

Affiliation Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Mitra J. Z. Hartmann

m-hartmann@northwestern.edu

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RBT BWQ VG MJZH. Performed the experiments: RBT BWQ MJZH. Analyzed the data: RBT BWQ VG JHS. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: RBT BWQ VG JHS. Wrote the paper: RBT BWQ MJZH.