About the Authors

Ian M. Gemp

Affiliation Engineering Sciences and Applied Mathematics, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Richard W. Carthew

Affiliation Department of Molecular Biosciences, Northwestern University, Evanston, Illinois, United States of America

Sascha Hilgenfeldt

sascha@illinois.edu

Affiliation Mechanical Science and Engineering, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, Illinois, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: RWC. Analyzed the data: IMG SH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: SH. Wrote the paper: IMG SH. Performed Numerical Simulations: IMG. Developed theory: IMG SH.