About the Authors

Neil Dalchau

Contributed equally to this work with: Neil Dalchau, Andrew Phillips

ndalchau@microsoft.com

Affiliation Biological Computation Group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Andrew Phillips

Contributed equally to this work with: Neil Dalchau, Andrew Phillips

Affiliation Biological Computation Group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Leonard D. Goldstein

Current address: Wellcome Trust/Cancer Research UK Gurdon Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom.

Affiliation Department of Applied Mathematics and Theoretical Physics, University of Cambridge, Centre for Mathematical Sciences, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Mark Howarth

Affiliations Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, Department of Biochemistry, Oxford University, Oxford, United Kingdom

Luca Cardelli

Affiliation Programming Principles and Tools Group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Stephen Emmott

Affiliation Biological Computation Group, Microsoft Research, Cambridge, United Kingdom

Tim Elliott

Affiliations Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Joern M. Werner

Affiliations Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Natural Sciences and the Environment, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: ND AP MH LC TE JMW. Performed the experiments: ND AP LDG MH. Analyzed the data: ND MH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: AP. Wrote the paper: ND AP LDG MH LC SE TE JMW.