About the Authors

Dmitry A. Fedosov

Affiliations Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America, Institute of Complex Systems and Institute for Advanced Simulation, Forschungszentrum Jülich, Jülich, Germany

Huan Lei

Affiliation Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Bruce Caswell

Affiliation School of Engineering, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Subra Suresh

Affiliation Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts, United States of America

George E. Karniadakis

george_karniadakis@brown.edu

Affiliation Division of Applied Mathematics, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: BC SS GEK. Performed the experiments: DAF HL. Analyzed the data: DAF HL BC SS GEK. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: DAF HL. Wrote the paper: DAF HL BC SS GEK. Performed research, analyzed results and wrote part of the paper: DAF HL. Designed the research, analyzed the results and wrote parts of the paper: BC SS GEK.