About the Authors

Trang T. Vu

Contributed equally to this work with: Trang T. Vu, Sergey M. Stolyar

Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Sergey M. Stolyar

Contributed equally to this work with: Trang T. Vu, Sergey M. Stolyar

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Grigoriy E. Pinchuk

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Eric A. Hill

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Leo A. Kucek

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Roslyn N. Brown

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Mary S. Lipton

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Andrei Osterman

Affiliation Burnham Institute for Medical Research, La Jolla, California, United States of America

Jim K. Fredrickson

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Allan E. Konopka

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Alexander S. Beliaev

alex.beliaev@pnnl.gov (ASB); reed@engr.wisc.edu (JLR)

Affiliation Biological Sciences Division, Pacific Northwest National Laboratory, Richland, Washington, United States of America

Jennifer L. Reed

alex.beliaev@pnnl.gov (ASB); reed@engr.wisc.edu (JLR)

Affiliation Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, University of Wisconsin- Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: TV SMS GEP JKF AEK ASB JLR. Performed the experiments: SMS GEP EAH LAK RNB. Analyzed the data: TV SMS GEP ASB JLR. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: ALO RNB MSL. Wrote the paper: TV SMS GEP JKF AEK ASB JLR. Performed the computational simulations: TV.