About the Authors

Markus Arnoldini

Contributed equally to this work with: Markus Arnoldini, Rafal Mostowy

markus.arnoldini@env.ethz.ch (M. Arnoldini); martin.ackermann@env.ethz.ch (M. Ackermann)

Affiliation Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, and Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Switzerland

Rafal Mostowy

Contributed equally to this work with: Markus Arnoldini, Rafal Mostowy

Current address: Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom

Affiliation Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Sebastian Bonhoeffer

Affiliation Institute for Integrative Biology, ETH Zurich, Switzerland

Martin Ackermann

markus.arnoldini@env.ethz.ch (M. Arnoldini); martin.ackermann@env.ethz.ch (M. Ackermann)

Affiliation Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics, Department of Environmental Systems Science, ETH Zurich, and Department of Environmental Microbiology, Eawag, Switzerland

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: M. Arnoldini, R. Mostowy, M. Ackermann. Performed the experiments: M. Arnoldini, R. Mostowy. Analyzed the data: M. Arnoldini, R. Mostowy, S. Bonhoeffer, M. Ackermann. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: M. Arnoldini, R. Mostowy. Wrote the paper: M. Arnoldini, R. Mostowy, M. Ackermann.