About the Authors

Richard A. White

Affiliations Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway, Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Jørgen V. Bjørnholt

Affiliation Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Division of Infectious Disease Control, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Donna D. Baird

Affiliation Epidemiology Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Tore Midtvedt

Affiliation Laboratory of Medical Microbial Ecology, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden

Jennifer R. Harris

Affiliation Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Marcello Pagano

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Winston Hide

Affiliation Department of Biostatistics, Harvard School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Knut Rudi

Affiliation Norwegian University of Life Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biotechnology and Food Science, Aas, Norway

Birgitte Moen

Affiliation The Norwegian Institute of Food Fisheries and Aquaculture, Aas, Norway

Nina Iszatt

Affiliation Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Shyamal D. Peddada

peddada@niehs.nih.gov

SDP and ME are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Biostatistics Branch, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, National Institutes of Health, Department of Health and Human Services, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, United States of America

Merete Eggesbø

SDP and ME are joint senior authors on this work.

Affiliation Department of Genes and Environment, Division of Epidemiology, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Created statistical method used in analysis: RAW DDB SDP ME. Conceived and designed the experiments: ME. Performed the experiments: KR BM ME. Analyzed the data: RAW JVB DDB TM MP SDP ME. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KR BM ME. Wrote the paper: RAW JVB DDB TM JRH MP WH KR BM NI SDP ME.