About the Authors

Katherine Kay

kwinter@liverpool.ac.uk

Affiliation Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Ian M. Hastings

Affiliation Parasitology Department, Liverpool School of Tropical Medicine, Pembroke Place, Liverpool, United Kingdom

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KK IMH. Performed the experiments: KK. Analyzed the data: KK IMH. Wrote the paper: KK IMH. Conceived the study, developed its mathematical underpinning, interpreted the results and wrote the manuscript: KK IMH. Wrote the computer code and calibrated and ran the simulations: KK.