About the Authors

Alex H. Lang

alexlang@bu.edu (AHL); pankajm@bu.edu (PM)

Affiliations Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Hu Li

Current address: Center for Individualized Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota, United States of America

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

James J. Collins

Affiliations Department of Biomedical Engineering, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Wyss Institute for Biologically Inspired Engineering, Harvard University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Howard Hughes Medical Institute, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for BioDynamics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Pankaj Mehta

alexlang@bu.edu (AHL); pankajm@bu.edu (PM)

Affiliations Department of Physics, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America, Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University, Boston, Massachusetts, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: AHL JJC PM. Performed the experiments: AHL PM. Analyzed the data: AHL PM. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: HL. Wrote the paper: AHL PM.