About the Authors

Kai J. Miller

kai.miller@stanford.edu

Affiliations Departments of Neurosurgery, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America, NASA—Johnson Space Center, Houston, Texas, United States of America, Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Gerwin Schalk

Affiliation National Center for Adaptive Neurotechnologies, Wadsworth Center, New York State Department of Health, Albany, New York, United States of America

Dora Hermes

Affiliation Psychology, Stanford University, Stanford, California, United States of America

Jeffrey G. Ojemann

Affiliations Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Rajesh P. N. Rao

Affiliations Program in Neurobiology and Behavior, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Center for Sensorimotor Neural Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America, Computer Science and Engineering, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, United States of America

Competing Interests

The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Author Contributions

Conceived and designed the experiments: KJM JGO RPNR. Performed the experiments: KJM JGO. Analyzed the data: KJM DH. Contributed reagents/materials/analysis tools: KJM. Wrote the paper: KJM GS DH JGO RPNR.